Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of depression  that has a seasonal pattern. The symptoms often begin in the autumn as the days start getting shorter. They are most severe during December, January and February. It’s sometimes known as ‘winter depression’.

In most cases, the symptoms of SAD begin to improve in the spring before disappearing.

Symptoms of SAD

If you have SAD, you may experience symptoms like:

• low mood
• a loss of pleasure or interest in everyday activities
• irritability
• feelings of despair, guilt and worthlessness
• low self-esteem
• indecisiveness
• tearfulness
• stress
• anxiety
• a reduced sex drive

You may also:

• be less active than normal
• feel tired and sleep more than normal (hypersomnia)
• feel lethargic (lack energy)
• find it difficult to concentrate
• have an increased appetite and eat more than usual (hyperphagia)

For many people, SAD can have a significant effect on their day-to-day life.